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Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025): 49-57 http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-05
Kesesuaian Habitat Tapir Malaya (Tapirus indicus)
di Kawasan Hutan Terfragmentasi di Kompleks Hutan Taman
Negara
(Habitat
Suitability of Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) in a Fragmented Forest of Greater Taman Negara Complex)
NURUL ATIKAH TAJUL ARIFFIN1, MUZZNEENA AHMAD
MUSTAPHA1,*, TUKIMAT LIHAN1, NUR FATIN KHODRI2, TAHERAH MOHD TAHER3, NUR IZZATI ABDULLAH4 & SHUKOR MD NOR4
1Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 5 May 2024/Accepted: 23 September 2024
Abstrak
Tapir Malaya merupakan spesies endemik negara Asia dan populasi terbesar tapir Malaya adalah di Semenanjung Malaysia dengan rekod kurang daripada 1500 individu. Populasi tapir Malaya yang kian menyusut menyebabkan spesies ini disenaraikan sebagai spesies terancam sejak 2008 di dalam Senarai Merah IUCN. Kehilangan habitat serta kemalangan jalan raya menjadi punca utama penyusutan populasi spesies ini di Semenanjung Malaysia. Melalui kaedah pemodelan entropi maksimum, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti taburan habitat serta ciri habitat yang sesuai bagi tapir Malaya khususnya di kawasan hutan yang terfragmentasi di Kompleks Hutan Taman Negara. Sebanyak 582 rekod kehadiran tapir Malaya dan
lima parameter sekitaran iaitu ketinggian, kecerunan, jarak dari perbandaran, jarak dari badan air dan jenis guna tanah digunakan untuk pemodelan. Faktor jenis guna tanah, ketinggian dan kecerunan paling banyak menyumbang kepada model iaitu sebanyak 34.3%, 31.6% dan 17.4%. Faktor jarak dari perbandaran menyumbang sebanyak 9.7% dan faktor jarak dari badan air menyumbang sebanyak 7.0%. Hasil
model menunjukkan kawasan hutan yang berdekatan dengan sumber air dengan ketinggian tidak lebih dari 1000 m dan kecerunan kurang dari 30° merupakan habitat
yang sesuai bagi tapir di kawasan ini. Ramalan model mendapati kebarangkalian kehadiran tapir adalah tinggi di kawasan perbandaran dan hortikultur.
Keputusan kajian ini dapat menjadi panduan dan rujukan untuk usaha pemuliharaan akan datang di kawasan kajian dan juga kawasan seumpamanya.
Kata kunci: Entropi maksimum; fragmentasi habitat; kesesuaian habitat; Taman Negara; tapir Malaya
Abstract
The Malayan tapir is an endemic species of Asia,
and the largest population of Malayan tapirs is found in Peninsular Malaysia,
with a recorded number of not more than 1500 individuals. The declining
population of the Malayan tapir has led it to be listed as an endangered
species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Habitat loss and road kills are the
main causes of the decline in the population of this species. Through maximum
entropy modeling, this study aims to identify the
suitable habitat distribution and characteristics for the Malayan tapir,
particularly in the fragmented forest areas within the Greater Taman Negara
Forest Complex. A total of 582 records of Malayan tapir presence-only data and
five environmental parameters namely elevation, slope, distance from urban
areas, distance from water bodies, and land use types, were used in the modeling. Land use types, elevation, and slope contributed
most to the model, accounting for 34.3%, 31.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. The
distance from urban areas contributed 9.7%, while the distance from water
bodies contributed 7.0%. The model indicates that forest areas near water
sources, with elevations not exceeding 1000 m and slopes less than 30°, are
suitable habitats for tapirs in this area. The model also predicted a high
probability of tapir presence in urban and horticultural areas. The findings of
this study can serve as a guide and reference for future conservation efforts
in the study area and similar areas.
Keywords: Habitat fragmentation; habitat suitability;
Malayan tapir; maximum entropy; Taman Negara
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